低硅铝比X分子筛合成研究进展

综述了低硅铝比X分子筛合成的研究进展,分别从常规化学药品原料、非常规原料高岭土和其他原料进行了评述,并分析了各种原料和合成方法的优缺点,详细介绍了常规原料合成低硅铝比X分子筛的几种方法,重点讨论了在钾钠体系下低温老化高温晶化两步法合成低硅铝比X分子筛的研究进展,指出了高岭土和常规原料合成低硅铝比X分子筛存在物料不纯、活性不足、预处理工序复杂问题和不足。     

油砂尾砂脱水处理技术的研究进展

介绍了世界各地油砂组成、尾砂形成原因、尾砂脱水研究意义及尾砂脱水处理技术的研究进展。详述了传统沉降法、混凝处理法及机械/物理法等油砂尾砂脱水处理技术,并对相应的技术做出评价。     

除气对制备等静压石墨的影响研究

等静压石墨生产中,除气是一步重要的环节,它对成型工艺、压坯性能有较大的影响。本文针对冷/热等静压法生产特种石墨,主要从压坯的形貌、体积密度、显气孔率和抗压强度来分析除气对工艺和产品质量的影响。     

软硬混编预制体增强沥青基4D-C/C材料弯曲行为

以z向穿插炭棒、x-y向铺层纤维束法编织的软硬混编4D炭纤维预制体为增强体,采用沥青液相浸渍/炭化法制备了4D-C/C复合材料,研究了材料z向(炭棒方向)高温弯曲行为及损伤机理。结果表明:在室温~2 100℃范围,随着温度的升高,4D-C/C复合材料z向弯曲强度呈现先增加后减小的趋势,在室温~1 800℃时弯曲强度呈现增加的趋势,1 800℃后随着温度升高弯曲强度开始逐渐降低,但当温度达到2 100℃时其弯曲强度仍比室温下稍高。在室温~2 100℃范围,随着温度的升高,软硬混编预制体增强沥青基4D-C/C复合材料z向弯曲断裂应变一直呈增加的趋势,而弯曲弹性模量总体呈减小的趋势。室温下4D-C/C应力-应变曲线几乎为线性关系,高温下4D-C/C复合材料z向弯曲破坏更加趋向于非线性的破坏模式。损伤表征结果表明,随着温度的升高,材料破坏时的最大损伤逐渐增加。     

铝/丁羟胶粘接强度的率相关特性研究

参照试验标准设计了用于测量铝与端羟基聚丁二烯(丁羟胶)粘接强度的单轴拉伸试验,通过变换拉伸速率获得了粘接强度与拉伸速率的关系,随着拉伸速率的增大粘接强度不断升高。同时进行了丁羟胶片的单轴拉伸试验并获得了200%应变范围内的应力-应变曲线。结果发现,丁羟胶作为铝板的胶粘剂的粘接强度明显大于丁羟胶片自身的强度,且粘接时丁羟胶的伸长率明显下降。     

Addition of carbon black NIR absorber to galvanised steel primer systems: Influence on NIR cure of polyester melamine topcoats and corrosion protection characteristics

Near infrared (NIR) is becoming a popular option for rapid cure of coatings in the coil coating industry particularly where fast line speeds are required. The technology has the potential to reduce the cure time of a 20 μm polyester coating on a galvanised steel substrate from around 30 s via conventional heating methods down to <10 s under the lamps. Previous work suggested that the ideal situation in this case is to have a topcoat which is slightly transparent to NIR and an absorbing substrate to heat the coating from the substrate outwards in a two stage process which separates solvent removal from cross linking and film formation. This can be taken further by tinting the primer layer with a pigment that absorbs in the NIR region. In this study spectroscopy was used to show that a coated steel system could appear white in the visible region because of the reflectance of TiO₂ but the NIR absorption could be altered by adding absorbing pigments such as carbon black. Lamp settings could be reduced by 20% to achieve equivalent cure with tinted primer systems. The potential degradation in corrosion protection afforded by carbon-black containing pigments at various loadings was assessed for model organic coatings applied to galvanised steel specimens. In situ scanning Kelvin probe studies showed that rates of corrosion-driven coating delamination by cathodic disbondment remained unchanged by pigment loadings of up to 3.5 wt%.     

Evaluation of hot corrosion behavior of CSZ,CSZ/micro Al2O3 and CSZ/nano Al2O3 plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings

Hot corrosion is one of the main destructive factors in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) which come as a result of molten salt effect on the coating–gas interface. Hot corrosion behavior of three types of plasma sprayed TBCs was evaluated: usual CSZ, layer composite of CSZ/Micro Al₂O₃ and layer composite of CSZ/Nano Al₂O₃ in which Al₂O₃ was as a topcoat on CSZ layer. Hot corrosion studies of plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were conducted in 45 wt% Na₂SO₄+55 wt% V₂O₅ molten salt at 1050 °C for 40 h. The graded microstructure of the coatings was examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) before and after hot corrosion test. The results showed that no damage and hot corrosion products was found on the surface of CSZ/Nano Al₂O₃ coating and monoclinic ZrO₂ fraction was lower in CSZ/Micro Al₂O₃ coating in comparison with usual CSZ. reaction of molten salts with stabilizers of zirconia (Y₂O₃ and CeO₂) that accompanied by formation of monoclinic zirconia, irregular shape crystals of YVO₄, CeVO₄ and semi-cubic crystals of CeO₂ as hot corrosion products, caused the degradation of CSZ coating in usual CSZ and CSZ/Micro Al₂O₃ coating.     

Microstructure and electrical conductivity of Mo/TiN composite powder for alkali metal thermal to electric converter electrodes

A Mo/TiN composite powder has been synthesized by a sol–gel method to improve the electrical performance and microstructural stability of the alkali metal thermal to electric converter electrode. The core (TiN)–shell (Mo) structure of the composite powder is confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The composite powder is primarily composed of submicron (400–800 nm) particles that are coated on a core (>3–5 μm) particle. The Mo/TiN composite electrode exhibits high electrical conductivities of 1000 Scm⁻¹ at 300 °C and 260 Scm⁻¹ at 700  °C in an Ar atmosphere. The electrode exhibits excellent tolerance against grain growth during thermal cycling tests (R.T.↔800 °C), where the average growth rate of Mo grains in the Mo/TiN composite electrodes is controlled less than 0.5%/time (0.62→0.65 μm), while the growth rate in Mo electrodes is 306.7%/time (0.24→3.92 μm). It can be concluded that the Mo/TiN composite powder will suppress the degradation of the electrode and enhance the performance and durability of the unit cell at elevated temperatures.     

Ag/Bi2WO6 plasmonic composites with enhanced visible photocatalytic activity

Three-dimensional flower-like Bi₂WO₆ microspheres with the diameter of about 4 μm were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and sodium tungstate dihydrate as raw materials. A novel Ag-modified Bi₂WO₆ was synthesized through a simple and practical photoreduction process. The UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra indicate that the Ag/Bi₂WO₆ samples have a significantly enhanced optical absorption in the visible light region than that of pure Bi₂WO₆ microspheres due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of pure Bi₂WO₆. The photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared samples were evaluated by the decolorization of rhodamine B under simulated sun-light irradiation. The results reveal that the photocatalytic activities of the Ag/Bi₂WO₆ samples increase first and then decrease with increasing amount of loading Ag and the 1.0 wt% Ag-loaded Bi₂WO₆ sample exhibits the best photocatalytic activity compared with the other samples. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the synergistic effect of the strong SPR and the effective separation of photogenerated electrons and holes caused by Ag nanoparticles.     

Synthesis and thermal behavior of Cu/Y2W3O12 composite

Cu metal matrix composite with Y₂W₃O₁₂ as a thermal expansion compensator was fabricated by high energy ball milling followed by compaction and sintering, and its thermal properties were explored for the potential applications as heat sinks in electronic industries, high precision optics, and space structures. The volume fraction of reinforcement was varied from 40% to 70% in order to tailor the composite for the simultaneous accomplishment of low thermal expansion and high thermal conductivity. The synthesis technique was optimized by varying the parameters like milling time from 1 to 20 h and sintering temperature from 600 to 1000 °C in order to achieve densified composites. The relative density of the composites is found to be around 90% for the 10 h milled powders followed by compaction at a pressure of 700 MPa and sintering at a temperature of 1000 °C. The thermal expansion of the composites exhibits linear behavior in the temperature range 200 to 800 °C and the low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is found to be for Cu–70%Y₂W₃O₁₂ composite whose value, 4.32±0.75×10⁻⁶/°C, matches with that of Si substrate. The thermal conductivities are found to increase with a decrease in the volume fraction of the reinforcement and decrease with an increase in the temperature for all the samples. The experimentally determined CTE and thermal conductivity values are found to be comparable to those predicted by the thermal expansion based Kerner and Turner model and the thermal conductivity based Maxwell model, respectively.